Spanning an astonishing 1,794 kilometres, the Grand Canal of China is the longest man-made waterway in the world – a truly remarkable achievement.

Constructed over 2,500 years ago, this awe-inspiring feat of engineering linked the political centres of northern China with the fertile, rice-producing regions of the south, becoming a vital artery for trade, transportation, and imperial administration.

Today, the canal endures as a living symbol of human ingenuity, with the city of Huai’an in Jiangsu Province standing out as one of its most fascinating and culturally rich stops.

Stretching from Beijing to Hangzhou, the Grand Canal winds through diverse landscapes, passing through Tianjin and the provinces of Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu and Zhejiang.

Together with the Great Wall, the canal – known in Chinese as Da Yunhe – is recognised as one of ancient China’s most significant infrastructure triumphs.

Recently, 10 international journalists from the China International Press Communication Centre (CIPCC) programme had the unique opportunity to explore Huai’an and discover the historical and cultural treasures along this extraordinary waterway.

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A canal that united an empire

According to the Huai’an International Communication Centre, the Grand Canal was constructed in stages, with its earliest segments dating as far back as the 5th century BC.

However, it was during the Sui Dynasty (581–618 AD) that Emperor Yang Guang undertook an ambitious expansion, unifying the fragmented waterways into a single, strategic route.

His vision connected Beijing in the north to Hangzhou in the south and, more crucially, linked two of China’s mightiest rivers - the Yellow River and the Yangtze River.

This grand integration enabled the smooth transport of grain, silk and tax revenues across vast regions, establishing the canal as a critical artery for imperial logistics and governance.

But why build such a massive waterway?

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Local historians point to two enduring motivations: survival and power.

Long before the advent of railways and highways, the Grand Canal served as China’s economic lifeline. It ensured steady food supplies to the imperial capitals, enabled rapid military mobilisation, and reinforced cohesion across the vast empire.

For centuries, it was instrumental in sustaining prosperity and consolidating the strength of dynastic rule.

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A living legacy in Huai’an

Even today, the Grand Canal in Huai’an remains vibrant with purpose and tradition.

While its role in modern commerce has diminished, it still facilitates the transport of coal, sand and construction materials – a quiet yet enduring testament to its ongoing relevance.

More than a functional waterway, the canal has transformed into a cultural landmark, drawing visitors from across China and around the world.

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Aboard a traditionally styled Chinese boat, we glided through Huai’an’s historic waters, passing beneath centuries-old stone bridges and beside ancient locks and dykes – remarkable examples of early hydraulic engineering.

The journey unveiled lively waterfront markets where vendors sell fresh produce much as their ancestors once did, preserving a living connection to the past.

On the canal banks, performers dressed as imperial princesses added a touch of storybook enchantment, making every stroll feel like stepping into a different era.

Beyond its heritage appeal, the canal remains intertwined with daily life. Locals swim, fish and even waterski in the canal – proof that this ancient marvel continues to serve the people, blending history with the rhythm of modern life.

A UNESCO World Heritage Site

In 2014, the Grand Canal received global acclaim when it was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

This prestigious status honours not only the canal’s profound historical significance but also its rare distinction as a continuously functioning ancient waterway.

For travellers, Huai’an offers more than a glimpse into the past. It offers a truly immersive experience.

Whether cruising down the canal, exploring well-preserved Qing Dynasty-era granaries or savouring the city’s signature crayfish cuisine, Huai’an ensures the Grand Canal is not merely remembered but vividly relived.

-- BERNAMA

Kisho Kumari Sucedaram is a journalist with BERNAMA.